Webb's First Deep Field (NIRCam Image)

Thousands of galaxies flood this near-infrared image of galaxy cluster SMACS 0723. High-resolution imaging from NASAs James Webb Space Telescope combined with a natural effect known as gravitational lensing made this finely detailed image possible.

First, focus on the galaxies responsible for the lensing: the bright white elliptical galaxy at the center of the image and smaller white galaxies throughout the image. Bound together by gravity in a galaxy cluster, they are bending the light from galaxies that appear in the vast distances behind them. The combined mass of the galaxies and dark matter act as a cosmic telescope, creating magnified, contorted, and sometimes mirrored images of individual galaxies.

Clear examples of mirroring are found in the prominent orange arcs to the left and right of the brightest cluster galaxy. These are lensed galaxies  each individual galaxy is shown twice in one arc. Webbs image has fully revealed their bright cores, which are filled with stars, along with orange star clusters along their edges.

Not all galaxies in this field are mirrored  some are stretched. Others appear scattered by interactions with other galaxies, leaving trails of stars behind them.

Webb has refined the level of detail we can observe throughout this field. Very diffuse galaxies appear like collections of loosely bound dandelion seeds aloft in a breeze. Individual pods of star formation practically bloom within some of the most distant galaxies  the clearest, most detailed views of star clusters in the early universe so far.

One galaxy speckled with star clusters appears near the bottom end of the bright central stars vertical diffraction spike  just to the right of a long orange arc. The long, thin ladybug-like galaxy is flecked with pockets of star formation. Draw a line between its wings to roughly match up its star clusters, mirrored top to bottom. Because this galaxy is so magnified and its individual star clusters are so crisp, researchers will be able to study it in exquisite detail, which wasnt previously possible for galaxies this distant.

The galaxies in this scene that are farthest away  the tiniest galaxies that are located well behind the cluster  look nothing like the spiral and elliptical galaxies observed in the local universe. They are much clumpier and more irregular. Webbs highly detailed image may help researchers measure the ages and masses of star clusters within these distant galaxies. This might lead to more accurate models of galaxies that existed at cosmic spring, when galaxies were sprouting tiny buds of new growth, actively interacting and merging, and had yet to develop into larger spirals. Ultimately, Webbs upcoming observations will help astronomers better understand how galaxies form and grow in the early universe.

NIRCam was built by a team at the University of Arizona and Lockheed Martins Advanced Technology Center.

For a full array of Webbs first images and spectra, including downloadable files, please visit: https://webbtelescope.org/news/first-images 

Credits:
IMAGE: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI